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Hyohyun Park, Pre-Med Student, Bob Jones University Steve Figard, Director of Cancer Research, Bob Jones University   This poster is about statistical analysis on a cancer research with gastric cancer cells and almond extracts. JMP helped me analyze and understand how significant the differences were among the results of my experimental variables. There is a clear trend of increased cytotoxicity against AGS gastric carcinoma cells when treated with increasing concentrations of each almond extract.    Previous research in this lab showing an apparent cytotoxic effect of an almond extract on gastric cancer cells in the traditional 2D cell culture was expanded into 3D cell culture.   Almond extracts were made with a pseudo-digestion protocol and a new simplified non-enzymatic method.  AGS (ATCC® CRL-1739TM) cells were cultured in Perfecta3D Hanging Drop Plates from 3D Biomatrix until each drop had a cell sphere of approximately 150 µm diameter.  Drops were transferred to Thermo Fisher’s Nunclon™ Sphera 96 well coated plates and treated with increasing concentrations of almond extract for 3 days.  Cell viability was determined using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay.  ANOVA analysis of the results used JMP® software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).   A dose response was observed with both extracts when treating these cells in a 3D culture system, although a statistically significant difference from media alone was not observed until the highest concentration tested (20%) was achieved (p ≤ 0.0013).  Statistically significant differences were also observed between the 10% and 20% extract treatments (p ≤ 0.0239).   These results are consistent with those previously obtained and suggest that almonds contain a natural cytotoxic activity against this line of gastric cancer cells. ... View more

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DOE Table created by JMP for the demo of the presentation ... View more

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Partial characterization of the extraction method for and treatment with a potential anti-cancer agent from almonds Machado, Daniel Tuck, Amy Figard, Steve Bob Jones University, Greenville, SC Preliminary data revealed almond extracts created by a mock digestion process were toxic to gastric adenocarcinoma cells in cell culture.  Four variables of the extraction method and treatment were evaluated by DOE methodology to determine their effects on the viability of the AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. Design and analysis were done using JMP ® software. The concentration of the digest added was the most important variable, with higher concentrations reducing viability more (p = 0.0168).  Increased incubation time was also better for killing the cells (p = 0.0250).  As main effects, the grind method and the mock digestion treatment were not statistically significant (p = 0.0546 and 0.4446), but the interaction between the two was (p = 0.0353).  If almonds were prepared by a dry grind, the mock digestion treatment worked better, but when a wet grind was used, the no digestion treatment worked better. It was not surprising to determine that increased concentration and incubation time resulted in reduced cell viability.  The interaction between the grind method and presence/absence of the mock digestion was unexpected.  This suggests that the cytotoxic component requires a liquid milieu to extract it from the almonds, and that it should survive the digestion process. ... View more