Not sure if this is what you are asking, but you can delete variables from their 'little red triangle' then add them back again. Using a script:
NamesDefaultToHere(1);
dt = Open("$SAMPLE_DATA/Big Class.jmp");
tab = dt << Tabulate(
Show Control Panel( 0 ),
Add Table( Row Table( Grouping Columns( :name ) ) )
);
ldf = tab << Local Data Filter(
Conditional,
Add Filter(
columns( :age, :sex, :weight),
Where( :age == 14 ),
Where( :sex == "M" )
)
);
Wait(2);
ldf << delete(:weight);
ldf << addFilter(Columns(:height));
Depending on the details of the use case, you might also be able to exploit the 'Favourites' feature of the local data filter.