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包括設計法の概念と技法 ~設計における同定化と模型化と最適化~

慶應義塾大学 大学院 客員教授 高橋 武則

 

包括設計とは設計に必要なものを一まとめにしたものである。これには狭義の包括設計(同定化と模型化と最適化の3つのステージから構成)と広義の包括設計(これに実現確認と回帰調整が加わり5つのステージ)がある。科学的な設計では良い近似模型が不可欠である。この獲得には因子の選定と構造の同定(積項、2次項の有無の判断)が必要でこれが同定化のステージである。本研究では因子を選定するスクリーニングに構造の同定を加えてアイデンティフィケーションを行う。これには工夫した実験(スクリーニング計画に同定点を加えた計画)とその後の統計処理が決め手となる。同定結果に基づいて必要な項の係数を推定して模型を決定するのが模型化のステージである。ここではカスタム計画と拡張計画を活用することが決め手となる。最後は設計目的を達成する望ましい水準を決定する最適化のステージである。ここでは多目的最適化が決め手となる。ところで、最適化の解は仮説であるためその実現確認を行うことが重要である。そして、もし解が受容れ難い場合には回帰を用いた調整を行う。この2つのステージを加えることで実務における設計を確実なものにすることができる。