This looks like something changed on the machine and now the task bar shortcut were clicking to launch JMP is not pointing to the right place any more. On Windows, shortcuts are configured using .lnk (link) files. “JMP Pro 14.lnk” here. So, right-click that link and check its properties to make sure it points to the correct installed location of JMP. If that’s all good, try launching JMP from the Start menu instead to see if JMP runs properly there. That would help distinguish a taskbar link issue from a JMP issue.
A tech support call may be needed to dig deeper. Not sure what else you can try.