The colour scheme you apply via 'Sheet Properties' is intended to help you visualise the shape of the surface, and there is a lot of flexibility. In the case of the 'Discrete Gradients' Fill Type, you can change the 'Surface Color Theme' (to one of the supplied themes, or one you have made up), define the number of 'Gradient Levels' (the number of colours), and 'spread' these colours over the range of the data, or over the range of the axis that's currently shown.
With some care, you should be able to 'see', where the boundaries are and (knowing what options you have applied), you could calculate them if you wanted to. For example, in this case, the highest boundary appears to be at about 170:
NamesDefaultToHere(1);
dt = Open("$SAMPLE_DATA/tiretread.jmp");
sp = dt << Surface Plot(
Columns( :Pred Formula ABRASION, :ABRASION, :MODULUS ),
Lock Z Scale( 1 ),
Datapoints Choice( "Points" ),
Z Grid Position( 130 ),
Surface Color Theme( "Green to Black to Red" ),
Surface Gradient Type( "Discrete Gradients" ),
Formula( "Pred Formula ABRASION" ),
Response( :ABRASION ),
Surface Color Method( :Pred Formula ABRASION, "Solid", "Solid", "Solid" ),
SetVariableAxis( :SILICA, Axis Data( {} ) ),
SetVariableAxis( :SILANE, Axis Data( {} ) ),
SetZAxis(
Pred Formula ABRASION,
Current Value( 130 ),
Axis Data(
{Min( 45.0232558139535 ), Max( 220 ), Inc( 50 ), Minor Ticks( 1 )}
)
),
SetXVariable( :SILICA ),
SetYVariable( :SILANE ),
Iso Value( 0, 139.119238722664 ),
Frame3D(
Set Rotation( -90.8594176470491, -0.15205112334844, 58.1091217394078 )
)
);
To answer a couple of your questions:
Beacsue of the options you have specified, then, 'yes' bright red shows the highest values.
Not sure if 'dark red' denotes a stable region, since that depends on how you want to define the latter. If you want to optimise a response, you might also consider using the Profilier, possibly with monte carlo simulation if you are concerned with robustness.