Sam, it would be helpful if you could attach JMP files vs. excel. Here are my thoughts/comments/questions:
If I understand your situation, you have 1 experimental unit (sample) for each treatment. 16 Degrees of freedom. The two "data points" for each experimental unit are acquired by measuring the sample twice. The reason why those two data points would vary is due to the measurement process (and possibly within sample variation). I also assume the measurement system is not destructive, is that correct?
If this is the case, then I would plot the ranges on a range chart to estimate the stability of the measurement process. If it is stable, certainly you can average those 2 value (which has the effect of reducing the measurement system variation (S^2/n)) and thus increasing the precision of the experiment. If those 2 data points also capture other components of variation (e.g., within sample variation), you could also use the variance of the 2 data points as a response variable to see if the x's in your experiment causally relate. And yes, it would be a good idea to look at the correlation of the mean and range.
Sam, I have attached 2 JMP files.
RauheitStack is stacking the 2 data points for analysis. I added two script to analyze the data.
RauheitSum is the summary statistics for the 2 data points (keep in mind I did not remove or replace the unusual data points from sample 13. I also added a multivariate and a fit model script.
Now to properly analyze the data set, before you do any statistics, you need to determine if the amount of variation created in the experiment is of any practical value. Did the response change enough? If so proceed with analysis. If not, why?
"All models are wrong, some are useful" G.E.P. Box