If I had a column full of those filenames, I would do a Cols -> Recode, top-left Red Triangle -> "Replace String", and then enter "S?D[XY](\d+)" and replace with "%\1%" with "Use regular expressions" turned on. Then you can split the column (Cols -> Utilities -> Text to Columns...") and enter "%", which will give you 6 new columns, with the prefix, DX, DY, SDX, SDY, and suffix, e.g.:
Column 1 2 | Column 1 3 | Column 1 4 | Column 1 5 | Column 1 6 | Column 1 7 |
D113U_NTCH_CM_MEAS_CD_SEM_{2UM_X6_NTCH_CM_IMAGE}_ | 7 | 11 | 11 | 15 | _2024-12-06_18-57-42.jpg |
Then you can rename the columns to DX, DY, etc.
If your real data is more complicated this process might need to be a bit more complicated as well.