In manufacturing, you may have mutiple machines that perform the same process or produce the same output. When investigating problems, comparing the output of these "identical" machines is a common potential X on the fishbone for the problem. However, there are several mechanisms to compare such output, from comparison analyses such as t-tests, test for unequal variances, etc.(and their associated equivalence tests), using MSAs, to orthogonal regression. Each option provides different information, uses different assumptions for the data, and uses different techniques for the analysis. It can be overwhelming for the new engineer to understand the application of each technique and how to interpret it. This paper discusses the different options, when you might use them, and the pros and cons of each.
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