Can We Talk…About Sample Size? (2026-US-30MP-2930)

As soon as we start to learn about statistical tools, such as those enabled with JMP, the concept of sampling and sample size becomes important. Regulated industries, such as medical devices, require a justification of sample size determination when making design or process changes, as well as for verification/validation of performance. There is a nearly mystical relationship between sample size and the ability of statistical analysis to answer a question of interest, but this relationship isn't often explained or discussed in great detail. This presentation tries to break the taboo, discussing the general relationship between sample size, power and confidence, and effect size (difference to be detected), at least in the context of statistical inference and hypothesis testing. Along the way, we look at some of the sample size calculators available in JMP 19.