Here is a script that creates your sample data table, and applies the formula to the Desired Counter: column
New Table( "Example",
	Add Rows( 6 ),
	New Column( "Month",
		Numeric,
		"Continuous",
		Format( "Best", 12 ),
		Set Values( [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3] )
	),
	New Column( "Day",
		Numeric,
		"Continuous",
		Format( "Best", 12 ),
		Set Values( [1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1] )
	),
	New Column( "Desired Counter:",
		Numeric,
		"Continuous",
		Format( "Best", 12 ),
		Formula(
			If( Row() == 1,
				x = 1,
				If( Lag( :Month ) != :Month | Lag( :Day ) != :Day,
					x = x + 1
				)
			);
			x;
		)
	)
)
It produces this data table:

					
				
			
			
				
	Jim